Properties of Groups with Examples

Properties of Groups with Examples

a) I A Alkaline Metals:

Except from 1H, all elements in this group are metal. They,

  • have one electron on outer shells
  • have tendency to lose one electron in outer shells and become +1 ion
  • are very reactive and exist in compounds
  • are good conductors of electricity and heat
  • all compounds of them are soluble in water
  • have lower ionization energy than other elements in same period
  • are very soft and melting points of them are low.

1H, 3Li, 11Na, 19K, 37Rb, 55Cs, 87Fr

b) II A Alkaline Earth Metals:

All elements in this group are metal. They

  • have two electrons on outer shells
  • have tendency to lose two electrons in outer shells and become +2 ion
  • are good conductors of electricity and heat in solid and liquid phases
  • are reactive and exist in compounds
  • have higher ionization energy than alkaline metals

4Be, 12Mg, 20Ca, 38Sr, 56Ba, 88Ra

c) VII A Halogens:

All elements in this group are nonmetals.

  • have seven electrons on outer shells, thus they can have values changing between +7 and -1 in compounds
  • if they are in metal-nonmetal compounds they have -1 value
  • they exist in diatomic molecules like F2, Br2
  • they can exist in solid, liquid and gas phase in normal conditions
  • compounds with hydrogen are acidic
  • have higher tendency to bond electron and becomes -1 ion

9F, 17Cl, 35Br, 53I, and 85At

d) VIII A Noble Gases:

  • have eight electrons on outer shells
  • electron configurations end with ns2np6
  • Noble gases are most stable elements and do not form compounds with other elements and each other.
  • In normal conditions they exist in gas phase
  • Melting and boiling points are lower than other group elements
  • Ionization energies of them are higher than other group elements in same period

2He, 10Ne, 18Ar, 36Kr, 54Xe, 86Rn

Properties of Transition Metals

  • they are called also heavy metals
  • All of them are metal
  • They can have different + values like; Fe+2 and Fe+3

Example: Which one of the statements given below for X element are true?

X + H2O → XOH + 1/2H2

I. X is in IA group

II. X is alkaline metal

III. X is noble gas

Since X has +1 value in compound, it is in IA group so alkaline metal. I and II are true.

III is false

Periodic Table Exams and Problem Solutions